experiments >> electro-magnetic induction and damping experiment
The Gyroscope
Any device consisting of a rapidly spinning wheel set in a framework that permits it to tilt freely in any direction—i.e., to rotate about any axis.The momentum of such a wheel causes it to retain its attitude when the framework is tilted; from this characteristic derive a number of valuable applications. Gyroscopes are used in such instruments as compasses and automatic pilots onboard ships and aircraft, in the steering mechanisms of torpedoes, in antiroll equipment on large ships, and in inertial guidance systems.
Phenomenon associated with the action of a gyroscope or a spinning top and consisting of a comparatively slow rotation of the axis of rotation of a spinning body about a line intersecting the spin axis.
The smooth, slow circling of a spinning top is precession, the uneven wobbling is nutation.
The related topics are:
› Moments of inertia
› Torque
› Angular momentum
› Precession
› Nutation
The experimental set allows the following experiments:
- Determination of the momentum of inertia of the gyroscope by measurement of the angular acceleration.
- Determination of the momentum of inertia by measurement of the gyro-frequency and precession frequency.
- Investigation of the relationship between precession and gyro-frequency and its dependence from torque.
- Investigation of the relationship between nutation frequency and gyro-frequency.
More information about the concept and equipment is mentioned below:
The momentum of inertia of the gyroscope is investigated by measuring the angular acceleration caused by torques of different known values. In this experiment, two of the axii of the gyroscope are fixed. The relationship between the precession frequency and the gyro-frequency of the gyroscope with 3 free axii is examined for torques of different
values applied to the axis of rotation.
Gyroscope disc with double ball bearings, balanced and freely movable about 3 axes, which is wound up by hand with the aid of a thread. Mounted on a metal double tripod stand. Sliding counterweight for calibrating the gyro disc.
If the axis of rotation of the forcefree gyroscope is slightly displaced, a nutation is induced. The nutation frequency will be investigated as a function of gyro-frequency.
The following relationships can be produced with the experimental setup:
› Precession (influence of torque and rotational frequency)
› Nutation (influence of the speed of the disc on the nutational frequency)
› Measurement of the moment of inertia of the gyroscope disc from the angular acceleration for a known torque
› Investigation of the relationship between the duration of a precession rotation and the rotational frequency of the gyroscope disc.
› Investigation of the relationship between the precession frequency and the turning moment exerted on the gyroscope axis for constant rotational frequency of the disc.
› Determination of the relationship between the rotational and nutational frequency of the gyroscope disc.
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experiments >> electro-magnetic induction and damping experiment